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MUSCIDIFURAX Species Complex

{NOTE: All Muscidifurax females regularly superparasitize their hosts (i.e., deposit more than one egg on a host pupa). However, in gregarious sibling species development results in the survival of more than one individual to the adult stage. In solitary species only a single individual survives to the adult stage.}

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58. Legner, E. F. 1969. Reproductive isolation and size variation in the Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders complex. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 62(2): 382-385.

62. Legner, E. F. & M. Kogan. 1969. The scanning electron microscope offers new techniques for diagramming diagnostic characters on insects. Calif. Agric. 23(9): 1, 4-5.

69. Kogan, M. & E. F. Legner. 1970. A biosystematic revision of the genus Muscidifurax (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) with descriptions of four new species. Canad. Entomol. 102(10): 1268-1290.

183. Legner, E. F. 1979. Reproduction of Spalangia endius, Muscidifurax raptor and M. zaraptor on fresh vs. refrigerated fly hosts. Ann.Entomol. Soc. Amer. 72(1): 155-157.

189. Legner, E. F. 1979. The relationship between host destruction and parasite reproductive potential in Muscidifurax raptor, M. zaraptor, and Spalangia endius [Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae]. Entomophaga 24(2): 145-152.

213. Legner, E. F. 1983. Broadened view of Muscidifurax parasites associated with endophilous synanthropic flies and sibling species in the Spalangia endius complex. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 51: 47-48.

218. Legner, E. F. 1985. Effects of scheduled high temperature on male production in thelytokous Muscidifurax uniraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Canad. Entomol. 117(3): 383-389.

222. Legner, E. F. 1985. Natural and induced sex ratio changes in populations of thelytokous Muscidifurax uniraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 78(3): 398-402.

230. Legner, E. F. 1987. Transfer of thelytoky to arrhenotokous Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Canad. Entomol. 119(3): 265-271

232. Legner, E. F. 1987. Pattern of thelytoky acquisition in Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Bull. Soc.Vector Ecol. 12(2): 517-527.

233. Legner, E. F. 1987. Inheritance of gregarious and solitary development in Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan & Legner (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Canad. Entomol. 119(9): 791-808.

234. Legner, E. F. 1987. Some quantitative aspects of inheritance in breeding synanthropic fly parasitoids. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 12(2); 528- 533.

236. Legner, E. F. 1987. Further insights into extranuclear influences on behavior elicited by males in the genus Muscidifurax (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 55: 127-130.

237. Legner, E. F. 1988. Muscidifurax raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) females exhibit postmating development behavior typical of the male genome. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 81(3): 522-527.

239. Legner, E. F. 1988. Hybridization in principal parasitoids of synanthropic Diptera: the genus Muscidifurax (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Hilgardia 56(4): 36 pp.

241. Legner, E. F. 1988. Studies of four thelytokous Puerto Rican isolates of Muscidifurax uniraptor [Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae]. Entomophaga 33(3); 269-280.

242. Legner, E. F. 1989. Wary genes and accretive inheritance in Hymenoptera. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 82(3): 245-249.

244. Legner, E. F. 1989. Paternal influences in males of Muscidifurax raptorellus [Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae]. Entomophaga 34(3): 307-320.

245. Legner, E. F. 1989. Fly parasitic wasp, Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan & Legner (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) invigorated through insemination by males of different races. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 14(2): 291-300.

247. Legner, E. F. 1989. Phenotypic expressions of polygenes in Muscidifurax raptorellus [Hym.: Pteromalidae], a synanthropic fly parasitoid. Entomophaga 34(4): 523-530.

248. Legner, E. F. 1990. Estimations of gene number, heritability and dominance in quantitative inheritance, with special reference to Hymenoptera. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 57: 95-105.

254. Legner, E. F. 1991a. Estimations of number of active loci, dominance and heritability in polygenic inheritance of gregarious behavior in Muscidifurax raptorellus [Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae]. Entomophaga 36(1): 1-18.

255. Legner, E. F. 1991b. Recombinant males in the parasitic wasp Muscidifurax raptorellus [Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae]. Entomophaga 36(2): 173-81.

259. Legner, E. F. 1993. Theory for quantitative inheritance of behavior in a protelean parasitoid, Muscidifurax raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). European J. Ent. 90: 11-21.

(in Process) 2024. Further studies on the genetics of solitary and gregarious emergence in the parasitoid wasp Muscidifurax raptorellus: Patternal modification of larval aggression..